Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Camphor shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Camphor offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Camphor at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Camphor? Wrong! If the Camphor is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Camphor then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Camphor? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Camphor and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Camphor wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Camphor then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Camphor site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Camphor, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Camphor, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{Chembox new| Name = Camphor| ImageFile = camphor structure.png| ImageName = Structure of camphor| IUPACName = 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo
2.2.1heptan-2-one| OtherNames = 2-bornanone, 2-camphanone
bornan-2-one, Formosa| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| SMILES = O=C1CC2CCC1(C)C2(C)(C)| CASOther = (unspecified)
((1
R)-Camphor)
((1
S)-Camphor}| RTECS = EX1260000 (
R)
EX1250000 (
S) -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = C10H16O| MolarMass = 152.23| Appearance = White or colourless crystals| Density = 0.990 (solid)| Solubility = 0.12 gram in 100 ml| SolubilityOther = ~200 g in 100 ml| Solvent = acetic acid| SolubilityOther = ~100 g in 100 ml| Solvent = ethanol| SolubilityOther = ~250 g in 100 ml| Solvent = acetone| Solvent =
Diethyl ether| SolubleOther = ~100 g in 100 ml| SolubilityOther = ~200 g in 100 ml| Solvent = chloroform| MeltingPt = 179.75 °C (452.9 K)| BoilingPt = 204 °C (477 K)| pKa =| SpecRotation = +44.1°|(1
R)-Camphor -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| MainHazards = flammable| EUClass =| NFPA-H = 0| NFPA-F = 2| NFPA-R = 0| RPhrases = 11-20/21/22-36/37/38| SPhrases = 16-26-36 -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| Function = ketone| OtherFunctn =
fenchone,
thujone, [pineneborneol,
isoborneol10-Camphorsulfonic acid -->
-->
Camphor is a waxy, white or transparent solid with a strong, aromatic odor. It is a terpenoid with the chemical formula
carbon10
hydrogen16oxygen. It is found in wood of the
Camphor laurel (
Cinnamomum camphora), a large
evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Borneo and
Taiwan, hence its alternate name). It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably
Ocotea usambarensis. It can also be synthetically produced from oil of
turpentine. It is used for its scent, as an ingredient in cooking (mainly in India), as an embalming fluid, in religious ceremonies and for medicinal purposes. A major source of camphor in Asia is
Camphor basil.
History
The word camphor derives from the French word
camphre, itself from Medieval Latin
camfora, from Arabic
kafur, from Malay
kapur Barus meaning "Barus chalk". In fact Malay traders from whom Indian and Middle East merchants would buy camphor called it
kapur, "chalk" because of its white colour . Barus was the port on the western coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra where foreign traders would call to buy camphor. In the Indian language Sanskrit, the word 'karpoor' is used to denote Camphore. A south-indian adaptation of this word, 'karpooram' has been used for camphor in many south-indian/dravidian languages (like Telugu language, Tamil language,
Kannada language and
Malayalam language)
Camphor was first synthesized by
Gustaf Komppa in 1903. Previously, some organic compounds (such as urea) had been synthesized in the laboratory as a proof of concept, but camphor was a scarce natural product with a worldwide demand. The synthesis was the first industrial
total synthesis, when Komppa began industrial production in Tainionkoski,
Finland, in 1907.
Norcamphor is a camphor derivative with the three methyl groups replaced by hydrogen.
Other substances deriving from trees are sometimes wrongly sold as camphor.
Camphor Trees are widely found in very deep jungles of Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu and Kerala states in South India.
Uses
Modern uses include as a plasticizer for
cellulose nitrate, as a
moth mothball, as an antimicrobial substance, in embalming, and in fireworks. Camphor crystals are also used to prevent damage to insect collecting by other small insects. A form of
antipruritic currently on the market uses camphor as its active ingredient. It is also used in
medicine. Camphor is readily absorbed through the skin and produces a feeling of cooling similar to that of
menthol and acts as slight local anesthetic and
antimicrobial substance. Camphor is an active ingredient (along with
menthol) in vapor-steam products, such as
Vicks VapoRub, and it is effective as a cough suppressant. It may also be administered orally in small quantities (50 mg) for minor heart symptoms and fatigue.http://spc.nam.fi/indox/english/html/nam/humspc/1/90151.shtml
In the 17th Century, it was used by Auenbrugger in the treatment of
mania.
It is also believed that camphor will deter snakes and other reptiles due to its strong odor. Similarly, camphor is believed to be toxic to insects and is thus sometimes used as a repellent.
Camphor is also used in the Mahashiva ratri celebrations of Shiva, the Hindu god of destruction of evil. Its natural pitch substance burns cool without leaving an ash residue, which symbolizes the consciousness.
Recently,
carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized using camphor in chemical vapor deposition process .
Culinary
Currently, camphor is mostly used as a flavoring for sweets in Asia. In ancient and medieval Europe it was widely used as ingredient for sweets but it is now mainly used for medicinal purposes. Camphor was used as a flavouring in confections resembling ice cream in China during the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907). Camphor is widely used in cooking (mainly for desert dishes) in India where it is known as
Pachha Karpooram (literally meaning "green camphor" though "Pachha" in Tamil can also be translated to mean "raw" which is "Pachha Karpooram's" intended meaning). It is widely available at Indian grocery stores and is labeled as "Edible Camphor." In Hindu
poojas and ceremonies, camphor is burned in a ceremonial spoon for performing
aarti. This type of camphor is also sold at Indian grocery stores but it is not suitable for cooking. The only type that should be used for food are those which are labeled as "Edible Camphor."
Toxicology
In larger quantities, it is
toxic when ingested and can cause seizures, confusion, irritability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity. In 1980, the
United States Food and Drug Administration set a limit of 11% allowable camphor in consumer products and totally banned products labeled as camphorated oil, camphor oil, camphor
liniment, and camphorated liniment (but "white camphor essential oil" contains no significant amount of camphor). Since alternative treatments exist, medicinal use of camphor is discouraged by the FDA, except for skin-related uses, such as medicated powders, which contain only small amounts of camphor.
Reactions
Typical camphor reactions are:
- oxidation with nitric acid
- conversion to isonitrosocamphor
Camphor can also be reduced to isoborneol using
sodium borohydride.
Biosynthesis
In biosynthesis camphor is produced from
geraniol pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of
linalool pyrophosphate to Borneol pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to
borneol and oxidation to camphor.
References
J. Mann, R. S. Davidson, J. B. Hobbs, D. V. Banthorpe, J. B. Harborne, Natural Products, pp. 309-311, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd., Harlow, UK, 1994. ISBN 0-582-06009-5.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merk & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 1960.
Mukul Kumar, Yoshinori Ando, Carbon Nanotubes from Camphor: An Environment-Friendly Nanotechnology, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 61 (2007) 643–646
{{Chembox new| Name = Camphor| ImageFile = camphor structure.png| ImageName = Structure of camphor| IUPACName = 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo
2.2.1heptan-2-one| OtherNames = 2-bornanone, 2-camphanone
bornan-2-one, Formosa| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| SMILES = O=C1CC2CCC1(C)C2(C)(C)| CASOther = (unspecified)
((1
R)-Camphor)
((1
S)-Camphor}| RTECS = EX1260000 (
R)
EX1250000 (
S) -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = C10H16O| MolarMass = 152.23| Appearance = White or colourless crystals| Density = 0.990 (solid)| Solubility = 0.12 gram in 100 ml| SolubilityOther = ~200 g in 100 ml| Solvent = acetic acid| SolubilityOther = ~100 g in 100 ml| Solvent = ethanol| SolubilityOther = ~250 g in 100 ml| Solvent = acetone| Solvent =
Diethyl ether| SolubleOther = ~100 g in 100 ml| SolubilityOther = ~200 g in 100 ml| Solvent = chloroform| MeltingPt = 179.75 °C (452.9 K)| BoilingPt = 204 °C (477 K)| pKa =| SpecRotation = +44.1°|(1
R)-Camphor -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| MainHazards = flammable| EUClass =| NFPA-H = 0| NFPA-F = 2| NFPA-R = 0| RPhrases = 11-20/21/22-36/37/38| SPhrases = 16-26-36 -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| Function = ketone| OtherFunctn = fenchone,
thujone, [pineneborneol,
isoborneol10-Camphorsulfonic acid -->
-->
Camphor is a waxy, white or transparent solid with a strong, aromatic odor. It is a
terpenoid with the chemical formula carbon10
hydrogen16oxygen. It is found in wood of the
Camphor laurel (
Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Borneo and Taiwan, hence its alternate name). It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably
Ocotea usambarensis. It can also be synthetically produced from oil of
turpentine. It is used for its scent, as an ingredient in cooking (mainly in India), as an embalming fluid, in religious ceremonies and for medicinal purposes. A major source of camphor in Asia is
Camphor basil.
History
The word camphor derives from the French word
camphre, itself from Medieval Latin
camfora, from Arabic
kafur, from Malay
kapur Barus meaning "Barus chalk". In fact Malay traders from whom Indian and Middle East merchants would buy camphor called it
kapur, "chalk" because of its white colour . Barus was the port on the western coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra where foreign traders would call to buy camphor. In the Indian language Sanskrit, the word 'karpoor' is used to denote Camphore. A south-indian adaptation of this word, 'karpooram' has been used for camphor in many south-indian/dravidian languages (like
Telugu language,
Tamil language,
Kannada language and
Malayalam language)
Camphor was first synthesized by Gustaf Komppa in 1903. Previously, some organic compounds (such as
urea) had been synthesized in the laboratory as a proof of concept, but camphor was a scarce natural product with a worldwide demand. The synthesis was the first industrial total synthesis, when Komppa began industrial production in Tainionkoski, Finland, in 1907.
Norcamphor is a camphor derivative with the three
methyl groups replaced by hydrogen.
Other substances deriving from trees are sometimes wrongly sold as camphor.
Camphor Trees are widely found in very deep jungles of Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu and Kerala states in South India.
Uses
Modern uses include as a plasticizer for cellulose nitrate, as a moth mothball, as an antimicrobial substance, in embalming, and in fireworks. Camphor crystals are also used to prevent damage to
insect collecting by other small insects. A form of antipruritic currently on the market uses camphor as its
active ingredient. It is also used in medicine. Camphor is readily absorbed through the skin and produces a feeling of cooling similar to that of menthol and acts as slight local
anesthetic and antimicrobial substance. Camphor is an active ingredient (along with
menthol) in vapor-steam products, such as
Vicks VapoRub, and it is effective as a cough suppressant. It may also be administered orally in small quantities (50 mg) for minor heart symptoms and fatigue.http://spc.nam.fi/indox/english/html/nam/humspc/1/90151.shtml
In the 17th Century, it was used by Auenbrugger in the treatment of
mania.
It is also believed that camphor will deter snakes and other reptiles due to its strong odor. Similarly, camphor is believed to be toxic to insects and is thus sometimes used as a repellent.
Camphor is also used in the Mahashiva ratri celebrations of Shiva, the Hindu god of destruction of evil. Its natural pitch substance burns cool without leaving an ash residue, which symbolizes the consciousness.
Recently, carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized using camphor in chemical vapor deposition process .
Culinary
Currently, camphor is mostly used as a flavoring for sweets in Asia. In ancient and medieval Europe it was widely used as ingredient for sweets but it is now mainly used for medicinal purposes. Camphor was used as a flavouring in confections resembling ice cream in
China during the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907). Camphor is widely used in cooking (mainly for desert dishes) in India where it is known as
Pachha Karpooram (literally meaning "green camphor" though "Pachha" in Tamil can also be translated to mean "raw" which is "Pachha Karpooram's" intended meaning). It is widely available at Indian grocery stores and is labeled as "Edible Camphor." In Hindu
poojas and ceremonies, camphor is burned in a ceremonial spoon for performing
aarti. This type of camphor is also sold at Indian grocery stores but it is not suitable for cooking. The only type that should be used for food are those which are labeled as "Edible Camphor."
Toxicology
In larger quantities, it is toxic when ingested and can cause seizures, confusion, irritability, and
neuromuscular hyperactivity. In 1980, the United States Food and Drug Administration set a limit of 11% allowable camphor in consumer products and totally banned products labeled as camphorated oil, camphor oil, camphor
liniment, and camphorated liniment (but "white camphor essential oil" contains no significant amount of camphor). Since alternative treatments exist, medicinal use of camphor is discouraged by the FDA, except for skin-related uses, such as medicated powders, which contain only small amounts of camphor.
Reactions
Typical camphor reactions are:
- conversion to isonitrosocamphor
Camphor can also be reduced to
isoborneol using sodium borohydride.
Biosynthesis
In biosynthesis camphor is produced from
geraniol pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linalool pyrophosphate to
Borneol pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.
References
J. Mann, R. S. Davidson, J. B. Hobbs, D. V. Banthorpe, J. B. Harborne, Natural Products, pp. 309-311, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd., Harlow, UK, 1994. ISBN 0-582-06009-5.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merk & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 1960.
Mukul Kumar, Yoshinori Ando, Carbon Nanotubes from Camphor: An Environment-Friendly Nanotechnology, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 61 (2007) 643–646
Camphor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Camphor is a waxy, white or transparent solid with a strong, aromatic odor. [3] It is a terpenoid with the chemical formula C 10 H 16 O. It is found in wood of the camphor laurel ...
Definition: camphor from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.
camphor - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about camphor
camphor. Volatile, fragrant, ketone substance obtained from the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora. It is distilled from chips of the wood, and is used in insect repellents and ...
AskOxford: camphor
camphor / kam f r/ • noun a white volatile crystalline substance with an aromatic smell and bitter taste, occurring in certain essential oils. — ORIGIN Latin camphora, from ...
camphor definition of camphor in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
camphor (kăm`fər), C 10 H 16 O, white, crystalline solid ketone ketone (kē`tōn), any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group , C=O, and in which the ...
Definition: camphor 5-monooxygenase from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.
camphor - definition of camphor in the Medical dictionary - by the ...
camphor /cam·phor/ (kam´fer) a ketone derived from the Asian tree Cinnamomum camphora or produced synthetically; used topically as an antipruritic and antiinfective and inhaled ...
Camphor definition |Dictionary.com
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MySpace.com - Camphor - RYE, New York - Alternative / Indie / Flamenco ...
MySpace music profile for Camphor with tour dates, songs, videos, pictures, blogs, band information, downloads and more
Taiwan Tekho Camphor Co., LTD.-Products list
commodity : description : d (+) camphor sulfonic . acid: specific rotation: + 21 o ~+23 o. melting point: 190 o ~194 o c: dl-camphor sulfonic acid: melting point: 196 o c~200 ...
